I understood couple of your questions and I guess I could answer cople of them:
1. Router allow you to share your high-speed internet connection among your computers. Also, it allows you to make a home network to share files and network game play. Common geberal purpose routers has capacity of sharing internet up to 4 to 6 computers. But they will not have jacks for printer cable. For sharing your printer, you have to make a home network. In this case, the printer will be connected to a computer and other computers will have access to the printer via that printer-connected computer. But if your printer-connected computer is turned off, other computers will not be able to print. For independent printer sharing, you can also buy another print server.
2. 54mbps or 108mbps has almost nothing to do with your MSNchat/kid's homework. In most cases, your high-speed internet connection speed will be 1.5mbps. So, even tough your router is capable of handling 54 or 108mbps, your internet speed will be just 1.5mbps. 54/108 mbps matters only when you transfer wiles among the computers. So, in 99.99% of cases, home users will not see any performance difference between 54 or 108mbps routers.
3. The botom line is...you will need a network card installed in your computer. For wired router connection, 10/100 ethernet cards is more than enough and you can buy them for 5/6 dollars. So, wired PC network cards is the most economic option, although you have to open your computer to install the card---but thats very easy for almost anyone. If you want wireless connection, your ruoter has to be a wireless router. Wireless router can handle both wired and wireless conenctions. But Wired routers can do only wired connections. So, if you decide to connect one of your computer wirelessly, make sure you buy a wireless router. Also you will need a wireless adapter. Again, Wireless adapters can be a USB adapter or a PC card. Also, choice of PC cards for your 2nd computer depends on the what type is your second computer. If it is a laptop, then you will have to go for USB adapter. Most of today's computer come with network card installed. So, summary is: PC card is cheaper, it has to be installed inside the computer. But USB adapters installation is easy. If you 2nd computer is a laptop and you dont have a network card installed already----USB adapter is your only option in most cases.
4. I'm not in a position to answer that. Many subjective considerations are involved in that decision.
5. I'm a not a tech-guy. I just described my everyday knowledge from my personal. homenetowrking experience. I enjoyed sharing my experience.
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